Improvement in telegraph-instruments



i CHAUVASSAIGNES 61. LAMBRIGHT.

Patented July 28, 1868.

'UNITED STATES PATENT OiriricE.A

rArL ANToiNE MARIE CiiAUvl-xssAIG-NEs AND .iAcQUEs PAUL LAMnniGoT,

oF rAnIs, FRANCE. 1 t

Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 80,l52dated July 2S,1868:

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, PAUL ANTOINE MARIE s CnAUvAssAIGNEs and JACQUESPAUL LAM- EnIGotr, of Paris, in the Empire of France,

- hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,

and exact description of the same, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings.

Our system of `automatic and electrochemical tclegraphiiig comprises,first, an instrument for the'prelminary notation or inscribin g` of thetelegrams by means of certain signals or characters traced on a band `oftinned papel', and for the reproduction of these traced bands; second, asecond instrument for the automatic transmission of the characterstraced on the band and the automatic and electrochemical reccption ofthe signals transmitted; third, bands of tiuiied paper made in apeculiar manner for this system of telegraphiiig; fourth, the operationofthe electric current in the two instruments above named..

The mechanical and chemical combinations which we have devised, in orderto realize the four preceding features, will be readily understood byreference to the accompanying drawings.

The composing instrument oi' apparatus, Figure 1, consists of thefollowing elements: First, the clock-work K, whichV actiiates two setsof rollers, l) 1)', placed at a suitable distance from cach other;second, an ink cup or i receptacle, A; third, a platina point ortrident,

I; fourth, a lever or manipulator, with an armature, F, for theimpression by hand of siglials on the tinned paper band h, or for theformation of such signals or characters by means of an electro-magneticcurrent; fifth, a gas or spirit burner for liqnefying thc'iiik containedin the ink-cup.

lhcclockwork imparts a uniform motion to the two sets of rollers, 1) andD. The former rollers are intended for transmitting the signals formed.upon the band or ribbon h. By means of the latter rolls the necessarymarks or characters are either formed by hand y upon the metallic bandh', or obtained through the medium of the electro-magnet 'X placed underthe armature F. t i s In order to impress the marks by hand` the end ofa roll of tinned paper is .inserted between tlie drawing-rollers D'. Thetin is upon the upper surface of the band, and presents a `tlathorizontalsurface to the rollers, being held in proper position bysuitable guides, which assume its uniformity while passing between therollers. Midway between the edges of the band, and in advance of thepoint where g it passes to the rollers, is a narrow roller, G, thehorizontal axis of which is attached to the clock-work in such manner asto lbe revolved Under this metallic band is the curved ex"-` treniity ofa lever, J, which is pivoted to a standard, I. Upon the other end of thelever ,y

is a knob or handle, M, and au armature, F. By pressing upon the knob,the opposite end of the lever will be raised, so as to lift the baud`and bring it in contact with the roller G.

lVhen pressure is removed, the spring under the shorter arm of the leverwill draw it down, and thus allow the paper to drop from contact withthe roller. s

The electro-magiiet underneath the armature F is intended receive tot-lie electric current transmitted over thewire from a distant point,which current, by exciting the magnet, will cause the latter to attractthe armature, and thus act upon the lever in the same manner as would bedonc by hand.

The roller G, which is about half as wide as the metallic band, isplacedin such manner as to be midway between the sidesof the band. It'the roller be kept constantly covered with black coloring matter, therewill be produced `on the band, by reason of the rotation ofthe ypriiitiiig-roller andthe lifting of the band, a

black line, which will becontinnous or broken, according to the actionofthe lever J. During this operation, which is that required for thecomposition or notation of a dispatch, a. drawing-pen,0, Fig. 2, can beused for the purpose of framing or inclosing on each side the charactersproduced by the action of the l printing or marking roller upon theband, for

it may be desired to indicate the signals or s characters either by themarks made by the coloring matter or by the spaces between the marks.For instance, in order to obtain in white the signals indicated in blackin dia-- gram a", it will, of course, be necessary to operate in aninverse manner the lever J, so as to produce the figures indicated indiagram 11",? but as the white characters in this form would be diicultto distinguish, it is much preferable to frame them, as shown in diagramc", by means of the forked drawing pen C, which straddles the band inthe manner indicated in Figs. l and 2.'

The teeth of the pen, which are at distance from each otherproportionate to the width of the marks, will take up apart of the inkand draw a line on each side of the characters, as indicated in Fig. 2.

The band is, of course, not covered with ink throughout its wholebreadth, in order that the metallic border on each side of the marks mayafford the necessary contact for the passage of the electricity at thetime of the passage ofthe band between the metal drawingeylinders.

The irst set of drawing-cylinders D is intended to effect the automatic`transmission of the characters or signals produced by the instrument D'.To this end a platina or iron point, I, falling obliquely on the tabletplaced in front of the rollers, presses on the middle part of the metalband,which is drawn between the rollers from'right to left. The electriccurrent in communication with the rollers and the conductor terminatingin the metal point I, will produce electric emissions each time thepoint meets that portion of the surface of the band which is not coveredby the insulating-ink. The point I, Fig. 3, which is thus employed toeffect the emission and cessation of the current, is composed of threebranches, i, so as to better assure the re- Second, a copper case orreservoir, p, provided withv openings in its top and bottom, the one forthe introduction of the fusible coloring matter, the other for theescape of the same. Third, a diaphragm, q, of a material commonly knownas silk ribbon, which passes around lthe cup and is stretched over thelower opening in the lcopper ease. Fourth, a sleeve, T, which traversesthe wooden part l, and ts with a slight fr ction, so as to constitute ahinge-joint on a horizontal pin, t, which extends out from the clockworkframe K.

The copper roller G carries at its outer end a long pin, S, which isheated by means ot' a gas or spirit jet or lamp, E. The roller is thusheated, and, in order to spread the ink on its surface, theink-receptacle is placed as indicated in the drawings, so that by itsown weight its lower end, which is covered by the diaphragm q, willpress upon the heated roller. The resinous matter contained within thecup will thus become heated, and, passing through the ribbon q, willbe,dcposited upon the surface of the roller, which, as above explained,has a rotary movement imparted to it by the clock-work.

The coloring matter in the ink-receptacle is composed ofthe followingingredients: Yellow wax, one hundred grams; rosin, two hundred grams;bitumen of Judea, one hundred grams; tallow or suet, ten grams. Thesesubstances are mel ted together, and the mass, when cold, is reduced toa powder.

By raising, as above explained, the band ot paper under the roller therequired signals or characters will be produced.

When the apparatus is not being used it becomes necessary, for obviousreasons, to re move the ink-cup from contact with the roller.

kIn order to accomplish this without the direct intervention of theoperator we employ a pedal or brake, R, which is capable of beingvibrated horizontally, so as to check or arrest the clockwork movement.To this brake is attached a hook or shoulder, O, which, when the brakeis moved to arrestthe clock-mechanism, strikes against the lower arm ofan an gle-lever, L, Whose upper end, .placed beneath the ink-cup, will,in such case, lift the cup away from the printing-roller. When, on thecontrary, the brake is moved so as to set free the clock-work, the hookO will move back from the lever and the cup will again drop intoposition upon the roller.

In Fig. 6 is represented 'an instrument for effecting the rapidtransmission and automatic reception, by electro-chemical means, ofcharacters or signals formed on metallic bands.`

This instrument is composed of the following parts: l

First, the clock-work K.

Second, two sets of rollers mounted on the same axes. The first set, D',serves to receive dispatches transmitted from a distance, the second, D,to transmit messages marked on the metallic bands.

Third, a basin containing the moisteningroller and the chemical bath forthe production of the signals.

Therst set of rollers, D', draw between them from right to left, a bandof unsized white paper. This band, before passing tc the rollers, rubsover the surface of ,a roll, V, which turns freely in bearings formed inthe sides of the basin U, filled with a liquid capable of bein gdecomposed by the passage through it ot' a `positive current of a pile.In rubbing upon .theroll, which is thus caused to turn freely and totake up the required quantity of liquid,

,the band is moistened in its center, the roll being much narrower thanthe band, and there is, consequently, a moist line formed on the paperwhich passes between the rolls. rlhis moist line which traverses thepaper and renders it transparent, is capable of being dey composed andturned black by an electric curcurrent will cause the baud to be markedwith the required characters. The iron point B, through which theelectric current passes, is held tightly between two rollers coated withsilver, which are hung in an arm provided with a sleeve which tits on ahorizontal rod projecting over the tablet.

By turning the rollers in the required direction the metal point can beprojected or retracted so as to adjust it to properly perform its work.

The liquidcontained by the basin U is composed of the followingingredients: Azotate of ammonia, one hundred grams; distilled water,onehundred grams; gallie acid, tive grams; white sugar, `five grams.

The second set of rollers, D, is intended for the rapid transmission ofmessages marked on the metallic bands.

ofthe set D', which is mounted on the same axis. This difference insize, which produces the more rapid movement of the bands, is adoptedfor this apparatus in order to impart greater rapidity to thetransmitting than to the receiving instrument. At the point where themetallic band enters between the rollers is a horizontal tablet similarto that employed in connection with the rollers D. A trideut,`I, isarranged in the same manner to produce the same results, as alreadydescribed in the case of the colnposin g in strumenthereinbeforcluentioned.

The only difference between the two transmitting-instruments is thedifference in the size of the rollers in the one represented in Fig. 6.The emissions of the electric current will be reproduced upon anelectro-chemical band instead. of a metallic band by means of the rollerG and lever J, oscillated by means of its armature and the electromagnetX.

The apparatus represented in Fig. 6 is intended to do a greater amountof work than can be obtained from the apparatus in Fig. 1, and can beemployed on lines of great length, while that represented in Fig. 1 maybe employed either for the notation of dispatchesby The lower cylinderis y much larger than the corresponding cylinder hand, or for thereception of dispatches tra-nsmitted from a distance, or for anyothersuitable purpose. Q 9

As the peculiar kind of metallic paper required under this system oftelegraphing is not an article of commerce, the following description isgiven of the manner iu which it maybe made:

Two sheets ot' tin-foil, such `as is known as chocolate-paper, are takenwith ordinary roll-paper ot the same width as the foil. A coat of pasteis spread over the paper, onwhich the sheets of tin-foilare placed, careheilig taken that their contiguousends overlapso as topreserve acontinuous metallic surface. The foil should be carefully spread withouta wrinkle, and the `metallic surface is then sponged. The paper, inproportion as `it is prepa-red, is rolled upon aspool and exposed to aheat suiicient to dry it. It is then subjected to pressure betweencylinders such` as are employed to press photographic proofs, iu

order to obtain the requisite smoothness and uniformity of surface. Theband, after this operation, is rolled anew upon a spool, and is tightlypressed until sutieientpaper has been received to give the desiredlength to the band and thickness to the roll. The roll is then taken toa lathe, and is cut into strips of the required width. f

The action of the electric current is substantially as follows Whenmessages are received Y from a distance on a metallic band, in the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, the electric current which passes over thewirewill traversethe electro-magnets in order to reachthe earth, thearmature of the lever J will` be attracted, the metal band will bebrought into contact with the marking-roller, which will deposit on theband the coat of insulating-ink. The erniasions of the current willbee'ected by means of a y manipulator such as employed in the Morseapparatus. When, on the other hand, it is desired to produce charactersor signals for transmission, the leverJ is actuated directly by thehand, and the effect of thus raising and lowering the paper will beidentical with that produced by the electric current. .i

When dispatches 'are to be transmitted through the instrument D, Fig. 1,the electric current from the pile will communicate with the rollers D,and metallic band which is in contact with them will, through the mediumy of the trident I, transmit the current over the wire. The currentwill, of course, be interrupted when the trident is in contact withthatpart of the metal band covered with the insu` latingink.

The operation of the instruments represented in Fig. 6 is essentiallythe same as that already i described.

The electric current arrives over the wire through the metal point Btraverses the moist part of the paper,

let into the ground. It will thus, as `the band 'moves along, decomposethe moist portion of y y and passes off from the tahi the same, so as toform marks more or less long, according to the lengt-h of the si gualsat the other end of the line. I

In .transmitting messages by the apparatus the pile passes to therollers D, which are insulated from the rollers D. yIt thence passes tothe metal band, which is in contact with the trident I, and the latteris in communication with the main line or wire. Consequently, when thetrident touches the metal surface of the band the lelectric current willbe transmitted through the wire, and, on the other hand, the currentwill be interrupted whenever the trdent is brought into contact with theinsulating-ink. p

' In the two apparatus shown in Fig. Gthe rollers and points or tridentsshould, of course, be insulated from each other. y

Havin g now described our invention, what we cla-im, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

1. The combination of thedeviccs herein described for e'ecting thenotation and automatic transmission of telegraphic messages, the samebeing constructed and arranged to operate in the manner and for thepurposes set fort-l1.

2. An insulating-ink composed of the ingredients herein named, taken inthe proportions substantially as specilied.y

3. A decomposa-ble liquid lmade of the ingredients herein named, takenin the proportions substantially as specified. y Y

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to thisspecification'betore two subscribing witnesses.

P. CHAUVASSAIGNES. LAMBRIGOT.

Witnesses:

J. ARMENGAIYD, CL. LAPoND.

